Myanmar April Risk Monthly Report
According to the security public opinion report of Hanwei International, a total of 98 representative security incidents occurred in Myanmar in April, 9 fewer than in March. These security incidents resulted in 3859 deaths and 5556 injuries. Among the categorized security incidents, natural disasters and armed conflicts were the main types. Most incidents occurred in Shan State, Mandalay Region, etc.
Hanwei International analyzes that the situation in Myanmar remains tense with ongoing conflicts. Statistics show that the number of security incidents increased compared with the previous month, with fewer deaths but a significant increase in injuries. This is mainly due to the earthquake and continuous aftershocks in Myanmar, which caused a large number of casualties. Due to the earthquake, armed conflicts across Myanmar have temporarily eased. The Arakan Army, Kokang Alliance Army, Ta'ang National Liberation Army, Myanmar military government, and Kachin Independence Army have successively announced short-term ceasefires to assist in post-earthquake rescue work.
All Parties Announce Short-Term Ceasefires On April 1, the Three Brotherhood Alliance, consisting of the Arakan Army (AA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), issued an announcement stating that to assist in post-earthquake rescue work, they would avoid offensive actions in conflict areas and announced a one-month ceasefire plan, with the unilateral ceasefire period confirmed from April 1 to 30. On April 2, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, leader of the Myanmar military government, announced a temporary ceasefire by the military, which would last for 20 days from April 2 to April 22. The government warned anti-government armed groups that they must avoid attacking government departments, otherwise necessary measures would be taken. On the same day, to assist in earthquake relief work, the Kachin Independence Army (KIO/KIA) announced the same ceasefire period as the military, until April 22, 2025, during which it would halt all offensive military operations except defensive actions. On April 5, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, leader of the Myanmar military government, at the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) summit, calling for a ceasefire and a political solution to the crisis, and promising to assist Myanmar in holding a fair general election. Modi also urged the advancement of key infrastructure projects such as the India-Myanmar-Thailand highway. On April 17, according to Burmese media reports, the Myanmar military government would station in Lashio Township, Shan State, with civilian staff from departments such as the Immigration Bureau arriving under the escort of the Kokang Alliance Army, and the Kokang Alliance Army garrison had withdrawn from Lashio city (with police remaining). Representatives of the Chinese government, the Myanmar military government, and the Kokang Alliance Army held a tripartite coordination meeting in Lashio on the withdrawal work. However, no official statements have been released by all parties regarding the handover of Lashio by the Kokang Alliance Army to the Myanmar military government. In addition, the Kokang Alliance Army and the Myanmar military government held another talks in Kunming on April 22. On April 16, Myanmar's civil society organizations (CSOs), ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), and the National Unity Government (NUG) issued a joint statement strongly opposing the separate meeting between ASEAN and Myanmar's military leader Min Aung Hlaing in Bangkok, warning that this move might implicitly legitimize the military government's coup.
Severe Casualties from Strong Earthquakes and AftershocksAs of April 6, the collapse of the Amban Hotel had killed 5 employees and 7 guests. Of the injured, only 2 were still receiving treatment, and the rest had been discharged. A statement released on April 20 noted that at least 30 prisoners died and more than 280 were injured in the earthquake at Wobok Prison in Mandalay. At 8:54:56 on the morning of April 13, a 5.5-magnitude earthquake centered 9 miles northeast of Wundwin City, Mandalay Region, occurred. Around 2:00 a.m. on April 14, a 5.0-magnitude earthquake occurred 12 miles southeast of Taungdwingyi City. From the Mandalay earthquake on March 28 to April 14, 132 aftershocks had occurred again. Due to the earthquakes, more than 9,600 religious buildings were damaged. The Mandalay earthquake had caused 3,649 deaths, 5,018 injuries, and 145 missing persons. As Myanmar is currently in the hottest season, the supply of drinking water is also scarce, and road damage has posed obstacles and challenges to material transportation, leaving people's lives in great difficulty and under great threat.
All Parties Actively Support Post-Disaster ReconstructionOn April 7, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, Chairman of the State Administration Council and Prime Minister of the Union of Myanmar, announced that the government would provide 10 million Myanmar kyats (approximately 33,000 RMB) in pension for each deceased citizen in the early April earthquake and fully launch systematic repair assistance for damaged buildings and infrastructure. The plan was officially announced at the closing ceremony of the federal government meeting on April 5, marking the full implementation stage of the Myanmar government's response to this disaster. After Myanmar's "3·28" major earthquake, the Chinese government and people acted quickly, sending rescue teams and providing emergency humanitarian assistance. The China Rural Development Foundation, in conjunction with CITIC Myanmar, China FAW, and local forces, built multiple resettlement sites in Mandalay and Naypyidaw. As of April 5, the Chinese government had provided three batches of emergency humanitarian earthquake relief materials to Myanmar. On April 8, China National Petroleum Corporation donated disaster relief materials worth 200,000 US dollars to Myanmar's Ministry of Energy, Mandalay Provincial Government, and Red Cross Society through its local subsidiary. On April 9, China had provided a total of 104 tons of humanitarian aid and medical supplies to Myanmar to support earthquake relief. The Myanmar government is assessing the disaster situation and implementing emergency rescue. On April 10, China's National International Development Cooperation Agency announced that, in response to Myanmar's needs, it would provide an additional 1 billion RMB in assistance, focusing on supporting epidemic prevention and post-disaster reconstruction. On April 16, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) announced that a batch of humanitarian aid materials had been airlifted to Yangon, and aid had been distributed to approximately 50,000 disaster victims in Mandalay, Sagaing, and other regions, while resettlement site construction and coordination work were carried out. UNHCR called on the international community to donate 16 million US dollars to expand assistance to 1.2 million affected people. As of April 24, Myanmar had received a total of 115.8 billion Myanmar kyats, 2.43 million US dollars, 5 million South Korean won, 15 million Indian rupees, 2 million Thai baht, and 3,150 Singapore dollars in donations. In terms of rescue forces, the international community responded actively, with 26 countries sending rescue teams to Myanmar. The supporting materials reached 2,635.92 tons, and the rescue materials reached 1,197.12 tons, totaling 3,833.84 tons. In terms of medical assistance, medical organizations from 6 countries went deep into the hard-hit areas of Mandalay Region, Sagaing Region, and Naypyidaw, setting up temporary medical centers. 337 foreign medical personnel stayed at their posts, providing emergency treatment, disease prevention, and other medical services to injured people, greatly improving the medical security level in the disaster areas.
Armed Conflicts ContinueOn April 5, despite the announced ceasefire, fighting broke out again between the Myanmar military government and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army in Dongkan Village, Nawnghkio Township, northern Shan State. The Ta'ang National Liberation Army stated that a Myanmar military convoy consisting of seven military vehicles reinforced the 902 Light Infantry Battalion in Yindaw Township and Nawnghkio Township, southern Shan State. On April 7, anti-government armed groups in Chin State announced the successful control of the important town of Falam in Chin State after capturing the Myanmar military's Camp 268. In addition, the People's Defense Force announced the capture of Yindaw Township, Sagaing Region, and the capture of nearly 40 Myanmar military soldiers. Yindaw Township is of important strategic significance, located on the Mandalay-Myitkyina highway and serving as a gateway to Kachin State. On April 15, the joint forces of the People's Defense Force captured a Myanmar military stronghold 18 miles from the Salin-Sidoktaya Highway in Magway Region, with 4 Myanmar military personnel captured. In addition, the People's Defense Force engaged in multiple firefights with the patrolling forces of the 258th Infantry Battalion of the Myanmar military around Salin Township, resulting in more than 10 deaths on the Myanmar military side. On April 18, a Myanmar military force of approximately 100 people advanced towards Mobye Town on the border of Shan State-Kayah State, and the Karenni People's Defense Force counterattacked, leading to fierce fighting between the two sides with continuous drone attacks and shelling, resulting in 15 deaths on the Myanmar military side and 2 deaths on the People's Defense Force side.
Since mid-April, multiple deaths from heat stroke have occurred in the earthquake-stricken areas in central Myanmar due to high temperatures and harsh living conditions. There are many other problems caused by the earthquake. Suggestions from Hanwei International: 1. Residents in high-temperature areas should stay in the shade as much as possible and avoid direct exposure to the sun at noon. If symptoms of heat stroke such as elevated body temperature, headache, dizziness, vomiting, or dry skin occur, seek medical attention promptly; 2. Earthquakes may damage water supply systems, so do not drink unprocessed raw water. Prioritize bottled water, and if not available, boil water to kill possible germs before drinking; 3. Infectious diseases are prone to occur after earthquakes, so it is important to protect water sources, avoid drinking raw water, and refrain from defecating in the open. Carry out environmental disinfection to prevent diseases such as respiratory infections.
Myanmar emergency police number: 0095-199Myanmar medical emergency number: 0095-192Consular protection and assistance hotline of the Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Mandalay: 0095-9-259172726Consular protection and assistance hotline of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Myanmar: 0095-9-43209657Ministry of Foreign Affairs global consular protection and service hotline (24-hour): 0086-10-12308 or 0086-10-65612308
Chart 1: Classification of Security Incidents in April
Chart 2: Statistics on Deaths/Injuries in April
Chart 3: Statistics of Security Incidents in Major States/Regions in April
Chart 4: Comparison of Major Security Incidents Between April and March
